[Age influence in otoacoustic emissions for hearing loss screening in infants].

OBJECTIVE To determine the most favorable age for detection of otoacoustic emissions in newborns and for repeated testing. METHODS Observational, retrospective, descriptive study in 2,567 newborns. RESULTS The incidence of any degree of hearing loss was 7 per thousand newborns. It was proportionately higher in the group that did not have otologic risk factors The distribution of otoacoustic emissions by age groups followed a significant linear trend in the first month of life. The time lapse to obtain a positive result on the second otoacoustic emission test was 6 days from the first one. CONCLUSIONS Otoacoustic emission screening should be performed in all newborns as late as possible after birth (from the first 48 hours after birth), but before hospital discharge for the test to be effective and efficient. A repeat test, if required, must be performed at least six days after failing the first one.